Understanding Motivational Interviewing (MI) for Corrections
Motivational Interviewing is a person-centered, directive method for enhancing
intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.
J-SAT Director, Brad Bogue, discusses Evidence-Based Practices and Motivational Interviewing
In the past, many counselors and criminal justice workers have tried to get
people to change through advocacy methods such as coercion, persuasion,
lecturing, unsolicited or unilateral advice, authoritative or expert stances, or
emphasizing diagnostic labels. While some of these methods can be effective at
producing short-term change, the change usually lasts only as long as criminal
justice sanctions require offender compliance.
Developed by William Miller & Steven Rollnick (1991), MI is based on
considerable treatment effectiveness research from the ‘80s and 90’s. MI has
succeeded where advocacy-based interventions have failed, largely through
recognizing the different thought patterns and stages that people go through in
the process of changing significant maladaptive behaviors. Its skills and
principles enable clients to strengthen their commitment to changing maladaptive
or anti-social behaviors by focusing on their own desire, self-efficacy, need,
readiness, and reasons to change. Clients can pose their own best reasons for
changing, and once committed, are better able to think of and enact realistic
steps toward pro-social alternatives to current problems.
MI methods of interacting with clients often include:
- Seeking to understand their frame of reference through reflective listening
- Expressing acceptance and affirmation
- Eliciting and selectively reinforcing their own expressions of problem
recognition, concern, and desire, intention, and ability to change
- Monitoring their degree of readiness to change, and ensuring that resistance is
not generated by jumping ahead of where they are prepared to go
- Affirming their freedom of choice and self-direction.
MI does seek to "confront" clients with reality, but this method is more
collaborative than aggressive styles of confrontation. MI has been applied to an
extraordinary range of resistant populations: addicts, sex offenders, emergency
room intakes, medical patients, etc. Probation, parole, jail, and case
management staff have used MI to achieve higher quality assessment information,
better engage their clients’ motivation to change criminogenic lifestyles, as
well as successfully negotiate client participation in supervision or treatment
plans.